2011 |  Bruce A. Beutler  Jules A. Hoffmann | "for their discoveries concerning the activation of innate immunity" |
 Ralph M. Steinman | "for his discovery of the dendritic cell and its role in adaptive immunity". | |
| 2010 |  Robert G. Edwards | "for the development of in vitro fertilization" 体外受精技術の開発 |
| 2009 |  Elizabeth H. Blackburn  Carol W. Greider  Jack W. Szostak | "for the discovery of how chromosomes are protected by telomeres and the enzyme telomerase" |
| 2008 | Harald zur Hausen | "for his discovery of human papilloma viruses causing cervical cancer" |
| Françoise Barré-Sinoussi Luc Montagnier | "for their discovery of human immunodeficiency virus" | |
| 2007 | Mario R. Capecchi Sir Martin J. Evans Oliver Smithies | "for their discoveries of principles for introducing specific gene modifications in mice by the use of embryonic stem cells" |
| 2006 | Andrew Z. Fire Craig C. Mello | "for their discovery of RNA interference - gene silencing by double-stranded RNA" |
| 2005 | Barry J. Marshall J. Robin Warren | "for their discovery of the bacterium Helicobacter pylori and its role in gastritis and peptic ulcer disease" |
| 2004 | Richard Axel Linda B. Buck | "for their discoveries of odorant receptors and the organization of the olfactory system" |
| 2003 | Paul C. Lauterbur Sir Peter Mansfield | "for their discoveries concerning magnetic resonance imaging" |
| 2002 | Sydney Brenner H. Robert Horvitz John E. Sulston | "for their discoveries concerning 'genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death'" |
| 2001 | Leland H. Hartwell Tim Hunt Sir Paul M. Nurse | "for their discoveries of key regulators of the cell cycle" |
| 2000 | Arvid Carlsson Paul Greengard Eric R. Kandel | "for their discoveries concerning signal transduction in the nervous system" |
| 1999 | Günter Blobel | "for the discovery that proteins have intrinsic signals that govern their transport and localization in the cell" |
| 1998 | Robert F. Furchgott Louis J. Ignarro Ferid Murad | "for their discoveries concerning nitric oxide as a signalling molecule in the cardiovascular system" |
| 1997 | Stanley B. Prusiner | "for his discovery of Prions - a new biological principle of infection" |
| 1996 | Peter C. Doherty Rolf M. Zinkernagel | "for their discoveries concerning the specificity of the cell mediated immune defence" |
| 1995 | Edward B. Lewis Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard Eric F. Wieschaus | "for their discoveries concerning the genetic control of early embryonic development" |
| 1994 | Alfred G. Gilman Martin Rodbell | "for their discovery of G-proteins and the role of these proteins in signal transduction in cells" |
| 1993 | Richard J. Roberts Phillip A. Sharp | "for their discoveries of split genes" |
| 1992 | Edmond H. Fischer Edwin G. Krebs | "for their discoveries concerning reversible protein phosphorylation as a biological regulatory mechanism" |
| 1991 | Erwin Neher Bert Sakmann | "for their discoveries concerning the function of single ion channels in cells" |
| 1990 | Joseph E. Murray E. Donnall Thomas | "for their discoveries concerning organ and cell transplantation in the treatment of human disease" |
| 1989 | J. Michael Bishop Harold E. Varmus | "for their discovery of the cellular origin of retroviral oncogenes" |
| 1988 | Sir James W. Black Gertrude B. Elion George H. Hitchings | "for their discoveries of important principles for drug treatment" |
| 1987 | Susumu Tonegawa | "for his discovery of the genetic principle for generation of antibody diversity" |
| 1986 | Stanley Cohen Rita Levi-Montalcini | "for their discoveries of growth factors" |
| 1985 | Michael S. Brown Joseph L. Goldstein | "for their discoveries concerning the regulation of cholesterol metabolism" |
| 1984 | Niels K. Jerne Georges J.F. Köhler César Milstein | "for theories concerning the specificity in development and control of the immune system and the discovery of the principle for production of monoclonal antibodies" |
| 1983 | Barbara McClintock | "for her discovery of mobile genetic elements" |
| 1982 | Sune K. Bergström Bengt I. Samuelsson John R. Vane | "for their discoveries concerning prostaglandins and related biologically active substances" |
| 1981 | Roger W. Sperry | "for his discoveries concerning the functional specialization of the cerebral hemispheres" |
| David H. Hubel Torsten N. Wiesel | "for their discoveries concerning information processing in the visual system" | |
| 1980 | Baruj Benacerraf Jean Dausset George D. Snell | "for their discoveries concerning genetically determined structures on the cell surface that regulate immunological reactions" |
| 1979 | Allan M. Cormack Godfrey N. Hounsfield | "for the development of computer assisted tomography" |
| 1978 | Werner Arber Daniel Nathans Hamilton O. Smith | "for the discovery of restriction enzymes and their application to problems of molecular genetics" |
| 1977 | Roger Guillemin Andrew V. Schally | "for their discoveries concerning the peptide hormone production of the brain" |
| Rosalyn Yalow | "for the development of radioimmunoassays of peptide hormones" | |
| 1976 | Baruch S. Blumberg D. Carleton Gajdusek | "for their discoveries concerning new mechanisms for the origin and dissemination of infectious diseases" |
| 1975 | David Baltimore Renato Dulbecco Howard Martin Temin | "for their discoveries concerning the interaction between tumour viruses and the genetic material of the cell" |
| 1974 | Albert Claude Christian de Duve George E. Palade | "for their discoveries concerning the structural and functional organization of the cell" |
| 1973 | Karl von Frisch Konrad Lorenz Nikolaas Tinbergen | "for their discoveries concerning organization and elicitation of individual and social behaviour patterns" |
| 1972 | Gerald M. Edelman Rodney R. Porter | "for their discoveries concerning the chemical structure of antibodies" |
| 1971 | Earl W. Sutherland, Jr. | "for his discoveries concerning the mechanisms of the action of hormones" |
| 1970 | Sir Bernard Katz Ulf von Euler Julius Axelrod | "for their discoveries concerning the humoral transmittors in the nerve terminals and the mechanism for their storage, release and inactivation" |
| 1969 | Max Delbrück Alfred D. Hershey Salvador E. Luria | "for their discoveries concerning the replication mechanism and the genetic structure of viruses" |
| 1968 | Robert W. Holley Har Gobind Khorana Marshall W. Nirenberg | "for their interpretation of the genetic code and its function in protein synthesis" |
| 1967 | Ragnar Granit Haldan Keffer Hartline George Wald | "for their discoveries concerning the primary physiological and chemical visual processes in the eye" |
| 1966 | Peyton Rous | "for his discovery of tumour-inducing viruses" |
| Charles Brenton Huggins | "for his discoveries concerning hormonal treatment of prostatic cancer" | |
| 1965 | François Jacob André Lwoff Jacques Monod | "for their discoveries concerning genetic control of enzyme and virus synthesis" |
| 1964 | Konrad Bloch Feodor Lynen | "for their discoveries concerning the mechanism and regulation of the cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism" |
| 1963 | Sir John Carew Eccles Alan Lloyd Hodgkin Andrew Fielding Huxley | "for their discoveries concerning the ionic mechanisms involved in excitation and inhibition in the peripheral and central portions of the nerve cell membrane" |
| 1962 | Francis Harry Compton Crick James Dewey Watson Maurice Hugh Frederick Wilkins | "for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material" |
| 1961 | Georg von Békésy | "for his discoveries of the physical mechanism of stimulation within the cochlea" |
| 1960 | Sir Frank Macfarlane Burnet Peter Brian Medawar | "for discovery of acquired immunological tolerance" |
| 1959 | Severo Ochoa Arthur Kornberg | "for their discovery of the mechanisms in the biological synthesis of ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid" |
| 1958 | George Wells Beadle Edward Lawrie Tatum | "for their discovery that genes act by regulating definite chemical events" |
| Joshua Lederberg | "for his discoveries concerning genetic recombination and the organization of the genetic material of bacteria" | |
| 1957 | Daniel Bovet | "for his discoveries relating to synthetic compounds that inhibit the action of certain body substances, and especially their action on the vascular system and the skeletal muscles" |
| 1956 | André Frédéric Cournand Werner Forssmann Dickinson W. Richards | "for their discoveries concerning heart catheterization and pathological changes in the circulatory system" |
| 1955 | Axel Hugo Theodor Theorell | "for his discoveries concerning the nature and mode of action of oxidation enzymes" |
| 1954 | John Franklin Enders Thomas Huckle Weller Frederick Chapman Robbins | "for their discovery of the ability of poliomyelitis viruses to grow in cultures of various types of tissue" |
| 1953 | Hans Adolf Krebs Fritz Albert Lipmann | "for his discovery of the citric acid cycle" "for his discovery of co-enzyme A and its importance for intermediary metabolism" |
| 1952 | Selman Abraham Waksman | "for his discovery of streptomycin, the first antibiotic effective against tuberculosis" |
| 1951 | Max Theiler | "for his discoveries concerning yellow fever and how to combat it" |
| 1950 | Edward Calvin Kendall Tadeus Reichstein Philip Showalter Hench | "for their discoveries relating to the hormones of the adrenal cortex, their structure and biological effects" |
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